狀語從句中獨立主格結構的用法
獨立主格結構與分詞短語都可以轉換為狀語從句。下面是小編精心整理的狀語從句中獨立主格結構的用法，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
1、轉換成原因狀語從句
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
轉換為：Because the bay led us the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
由那個男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.
轉換為：Because I don’t know her address, I can't write to her.
由于不知道她的地址，所以我不能給她寫信。
還必須注意，分詞結構的邏輯主語并不總是和主句的主語一致，也可以是主句的其他成分。
Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time.
在城市里搜查小偷，花費了警察很長一段時間。(Searching短語的邏輯主語是主句中的policemen)
2、轉換為條件狀語從句
Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
轉換為：If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
如果時間允許,我們最好周末去度假。
Listening to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.
轉換為：If you listen to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.
如果你每天都聽英語，你會慢慢地學得很好的。
3、轉換為時間狀語從句
Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
轉換為：When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
從山頂上看，我們發現這個城市更美了。
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
轉換為：When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
一聽到教師的聲音，學生們立即停止講話。
4、獨立主格結構的概念
獨立主格結構（Absolute Structure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構成的一種獨立結構，用于修飾整個句子。獨立主格結構中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構成邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結構與主句不發生句法上的聯系，它的位置相當靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是，獨立主格結構與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。
5、獨立主格在句中通常充當以下狀語成分：
1、 伴隨狀語（方式狀語）：相當于一個并列句。
He was watching TV, his mouth half open.
He fell to the ground, blood coming down his nose.
The policeman entered the dark room, gun in hand.
The old mansatdown, his face pale with pain.
2、 時間狀語：相當于一個時間狀語從句。
Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
The problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.
3、 原因狀語：相當于一個原因狀語從句。
John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own.
It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on.
There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.
4、 條件狀語：相當于一個條件狀語從句。
Weather permitting, we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.
Enough time given, we’ll do the job better.
注：有時可以在獨立主格前面加上介詞with,構成with +復合賓語結構。
如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted.
With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.
You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.
He left the bathroom, with the water running.
用法
獨立主格結構主要表示謂語動詞發生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當于一個狀語從句或并列句。
用作時間狀語
The work done(After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我們就回家了。
用作條件狀語
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。
用作原因狀語
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因為明天要發表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
用作伴隨狀語
He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，將兩手交叉枕在腦后。
用作補充說明
We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。
注：獨立主格結構表示時間、條件或原因時，相當于一個狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補充說明時，相當于一個并列句，通常放于句末。
形式
一般獨立主格形式
與主句邏輯關系松散，形式為：
n/代詞+分詞 （-ing 、-ed ）形式; n. +不定式; n. +介詞短語; n. +形容詞; n. +副詞;
-名詞/主格代詞+現在分詞
名詞/主格代詞與現在分詞之間是主動關系。（表示主動和正在進行）
如：
The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。
Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊游。
-名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞（表示被動和已完成）
名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是被動關系。
如：
The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質量已經提高了。
Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。
-名詞/主格代詞+不定式（表示將要發生的動作）
名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主動關系，且強調的是一次具體性的動作。
如：
He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help. 借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。
They said good-bye to each other,one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別后，一個回了家，一個去了書店。
-名詞/主格代詞+形容詞（常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質,特征或所處的狀態）
如：
An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。
-名詞/主格代詞+副詞（常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質,特征或所處的狀態）
如：
He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一結束，他們就都回家了。
-名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語（常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質,特征或所處的狀態）
如：
The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand. 那男孩手里拿著書去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, withher back towards the door.瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對著門。
-名詞/主格代詞+名詞
His first shot failure，he fired again．
他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童。
- with 引導的獨立主格:與主句邏輯關系緊密
形式為: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. +介詞短語
with ( without)+賓語（名詞/代詞）+賓語補足語，賓語通常由名詞或代詞充當，但代詞一定要用賓格。上文的獨立主格結構的幾種情況都適用于此結構。
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。（without +名詞/代詞+動詞的-ing形式）
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。（without+名詞/代詞+動詞的-ed形式）
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動。（with+名詞/代詞+動詞不定式）
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父親在前，小孩在后走著。（with+名詞/代詞+副詞）
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。（with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語）
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由于兒子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快樂。（with+名詞/代詞+形容詞）
在with (without) 的復合結構中，多數情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。
- each引導的強調型獨立主格
形式為:句子 +復數名詞結尾 , each +介詞短語/形容詞短語/名詞短語/-ing形式/-ed形式
這種獨立主格結構為了強調句尾的復數名詞
如:
Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups,each with its own executive.（題源:《GMAT語法全解》白勇著，Page38）
-There being +名詞（代詞）
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。
-It being +名詞（代詞)
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節的緣故，政府機關都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。
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