英語(yǔ)四級(jí)常考時(shí)態(tài)解析
由于漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)的巨大差別,時(shí)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中至關(guān)重要。英語(yǔ)中將事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間分為現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)四種形式,發(fā)生的方式可分為一般、過(guò)去、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行四種形式。將時(shí)間形式和動(dòng)作方式結(jié)合起來(lái),就構(gòu)成了一般、完成、進(jìn)行、完成進(jìn)行幾種時(shí)態(tài)。下面是小編幫大家整理的英語(yǔ)四級(jí)常考時(shí)態(tài)解析,歡迎大家借鑒與參考,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

現(xiàn)在:
現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)do、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have done、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is doing、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have been doing
過(guò)去:
過(guò)去一般時(shí)did、過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was doing、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing
將來(lái):
將來(lái)一般時(shí)will do、將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have done、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing、
過(guò)去將來(lái):
過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)would do、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)would have done、過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing
英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞的變化和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)的。英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種,但是常考的或較常用的只有9種。
要掌握英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),必須掌握好英語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞(do, be, have)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)這兩個(gè)核心問(wèn)題。
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn);表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。
基本形式(以do為例):第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):does(主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù));
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他;
He works for us.
否定句:主語(yǔ)+don't/doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他;
He doesn't work for us.
一般疑問(wèn)句:Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。
特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)
Does he work for us?
Yes, he does
He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. 他每天7點(diǎn)上班。
2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng):或表感情色彩,加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與頻率副詞,如always,constantly,continually,again等連用表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種感情色彩(贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。
主語(yǔ)+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式(其中v表示動(dòng)詞) 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或最近在做的事
We are having English class. 我們正在上英語(yǔ)課。
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,完成在過(guò)去,但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系,其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done)
They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他們?cè)诒本┮呀?jīng)住了5年了。
4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
表在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作,或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的`影響,只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。常跟明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once;
during the war; before; a few days ago
be動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,否定句式:在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
He used to smoke a lot. 他過(guò)去抽煙比較厲害。
5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其它
Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在舉辦29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
6、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ),基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞(done)
They finished earlier than we had expected. 他們提前完成了(工作)。
7、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
表在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
am/are/is+going to+do 或will/shall+am/is/are/about to + do 、am/is/are to + do; 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方法be going to +動(dòng)詞原形、be +不定式,be to+動(dòng)詞原形,be about to+動(dòng)詞原形、be able to +不定、 be about to+動(dòng)詞原形、will + 動(dòng)詞原形;
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要離開(kāi)北京。
8、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。主語(yǔ)+will + be +現(xiàn)在分詞
Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會(huì)我正在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。
9、將來(lái)完成時(shí)
表在將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常明顯。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by+將來(lái)的時(shí)間。如:by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。(shall)will+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞、before+將來(lái)時(shí)間或by+將來(lái)時(shí)間。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下個(gè)月底,他步行將達(dá)到1000英里。
這些時(shí)態(tài)的基本知識(shí)可謂是大家學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要基礎(chǔ),也是考試中作文和翻譯最容易出現(xiàn)紕漏的地方,要掌握這些知識(shí)最好的方法就是多讀多寫(xiě)多練習(xí),預(yù)祝大家考試順利過(guò)關(guān)!
擴(kuò)展資料:
四級(jí)語(yǔ)法:各種時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
首先,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。
下面我們以give為例,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+given
The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics.
一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were+given
These computers were made in our own country.
一般將來(lái)時(shí):will/shall be+given
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):would be+given
The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are being+given
The machine is being repaired in the workshop. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were being+given
The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):has/have been+given
Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
過(guò)去完成時(shí):had been+given
The huge bridge had been damaged before the World WarⅡ.
將來(lái)完成時(shí):will/shall have been+given
The book will have been published by the end of next month.
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)以及將來(lái)完成時(shí)之間的區(qū)別
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
① 構(gòu)成:have / has +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn):
A. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去開(kāi)始的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去,常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time等。
--He has worked as a teacher for many years.
--Up till now, nothing has gone wrong.
B. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或事件。常與不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yet, just, before, recently等;也同表示頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如often, ever, never, sometimes, several times等;還可同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如now, today, this morning等。但不能同特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(last year , in 1997等)。
--I have never learned Japanese before.
--We have been quite busy lately (recently)。
C. 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)的意義時(shí),要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
--We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
--I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.
Note: 行為不能持續(xù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞(Instantaneous Verb), 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于這一語(yǔ)法意義,即該類(lèi)動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
--He has joined the army for five years. (誤)
--He has been in the army for five years. (正)
2) 過(guò)去完成時(shí):
① 構(gòu)成:had +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn):
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前并持續(xù)到該時(shí)刻。
--David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
--They had got everything ready before the party began.
Note: 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)截然不同的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以與表示具體過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
--He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.
3) 將來(lái)完成時(shí):
① 構(gòu)成:shall / will + have +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn):
將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或?qū)?lái)某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或發(fā)生。
--He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.
--The shop will have closed already before you get there.
2. 哪些動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)
1) 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如be, seem, appear, become, get等。
He is being a used-car dealer.(誤)
He is a used-car dealer.(正)
She is seeming always about to smile.(誤)
She seems always about to smile.(正)
2) 表示感官感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞,如see(看見(jiàn)), hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)),feel(感覺(jué)出), taste(嘗出),smell(聞到)等。
The medicine is tasting bitter. (誤)
The medicine tastes bitter. (正)
I was seeing a car passing by our house. (誤)
I saw a car passing by our house. (正)
3) 表示擁有的動(dòng)詞,如have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold等。
He is owning a luxurious car. (誤)
He owns a luxurious car. (正)
The book is belonging to her. (誤)
The book belongs to her.(正)
4) 表示思想狀況、態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞,如believe, think, know, understand, agree, approve, consider, expect, forget, guess, hesitate, hope, imagine, mean, realize, remember, suppose, trust, want, wish等。
I’m thinking that he is right. (誤)
I think that he is right. (正)
I’m understanding your feelings. (誤)
I understand your feelings. (正)
5) 表示情感、愿望的動(dòng)詞,如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。
He is loving his daughter very much. (誤)
He loves his daughter very much. (正)
I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (誤)
I regret to say we cannot come. (正)
3. 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)又稱(chēng)時(shí)態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses),指的是某些從句里的動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句里的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
如果主句里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也相應(yīng)地要用過(guò)去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)主要發(fā)生在間接引語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句中,但其他從句有時(shí)也存在時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題。
--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí))
--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
--He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來(lái)完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí))
雖然主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)等,如果從句表示的是科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)可以不必遵守時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.
--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.
如果從句中有一個(gè)表示絕對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),就不必把一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。
--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.
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