英語閱讀：注意閱讀中的主題詞
在基礎(chǔ)階段，考研英語閱讀起到重要的橋梁作用。在做閱讀理解的過程中，許多考生在讀文章時(shí)，只關(guān)注單個單詞的含義，而沒有利用單詞之間的語義關(guān)聯(lián)來確定文章的中心或主題的意識，從而導(dǎo)致閱讀速度慢且效率不高，進(jìn)而影響到做題的準(zhǔn)確率。考研閱讀文章的一個顯著特點(diǎn)就是中心單一、突出，即整個文章的說明或論述緊緊圍繞一個主題展開。可以說文章的主題就是燈塔，所以考生在一開始就應(yīng)該抓住，圍繞主題再去讀文章，事半功倍。
名詞表主題
When it comes to the slowing economy,Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47yearold manicuristisn’t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Mostof her clients spend $12to $50weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator”， shesays. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concernedabout saving some dollars。” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-browDillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “Idon’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says。
文中劃線名詞短語為考生提供了復(fù)現(xiàn)信息，即使沒完全讀懂，考生也能確定本段的主題是“疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”，每句話都沒離開這個主題。
動詞表變化
All of this caused a crisis ofconfidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They beganto believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that theirincomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid 1980sbrought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Theirsometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growingcompetition from overseas。
動詞是各種變化最明顯的體現(xiàn)，它可以表明文中所述情況、作者態(tài)度以及情感的變化等。本段中出現(xiàn)的劃線動詞都體現(xiàn)了一個從好到壞的變化趨勢，再結(jié)合文章話題，可以確定本段中心是：美國經(jīng)濟(jì)霸主地位的喪失給人們的信心帶來的消極影響。
形容詞表態(tài)度
Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s redhot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of theslowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have beenlagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who lastyear took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas,the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say,holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound anyalarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked,and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long termprospects even as they do some modest belt tightening。
形容詞是作者對所論述話題的態(tài)度的直接體現(xiàn)。以此段為例，前半部分都是關(guān)于美國經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的`描述，如果只看到這些，一定會認(rèn)為下文也應(yīng)該是一些消極方面的描述。但在But轉(zhuǎn)折之后，出現(xiàn)了一系列的形容詞，這是詞都具有積極的感情色彩，與前面的情況形成鮮明的對比，表明了作者的態(tài)度，也是本段段落中心的體現(xiàn)。
雖然，在考研閱讀思路中還有許多其他方式可以確定文章或段落的主題，但是當(dāng)文章話題比較陌生，語言比較晦澀難懂的時(shí)候，通過找主題詞來確定文章主題無疑會是一種簡單有效的途徑。所以，希望考生們牢記“最強(qiáng)音符，旋律復(fù)現(xiàn)”，讀文章過程中樹立找主題詞的意識，幫助自己有效理解文章、快速解題。
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