大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法精要：時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試是由中華人民共和國(guó)教育部主辦，中華人民共和國(guó)教育部教育考試院（原教育部考試中心）主持和實(shí)施的大規(guī)模標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試，是全國(guó)性的教學(xué)考試，其目的是促進(jìn)中國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)工作，對(duì)大學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)能力進(jìn)行客觀、準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)量，為提高中國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程的教學(xué)質(zhì)量提供服務(wù)。以下是小編精心整理的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法精要：時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法精要：時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
1.時(shí)態(tài)
1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) (have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來(lái)完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來(lái)某時(shí)會(huì)業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
2.語(yǔ)態(tài)
1) 可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)
2) 雙賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
a) 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ).
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
3.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
拓展：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法
(1) 改變時(shí)態(tài)
The bell is ringing now. (一般)
There goes the bell! (高級(jí))
(2) 改變語(yǔ)態(tài)
People suggests that the meeting be put off. (一般)
It is suggested that the meeting be put off. (高級(jí))
(3 )使用過(guò)去分詞
Lisa walked out of the room and many guys followed her. (一般)
Followed by many guys, Lisa walked out of the lab. (高級(jí))
(4) 使用v-ing 形式
When she arrives, please give me a call. (一般)
On her arriving, please give me a call. (高級(jí))
(5) 使用不定式
He is so kind that he can do me a favor. (一般)
He is so kind as to do me a favor. (高級(jí))
(6) 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
The patient didn’t die because there were the efforts of the doctor. (一般)
But for the efforts of the doctor, the patient would have died. (高級(jí))
(7) 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
I was born in 1987. (一般)
It was in 1987 that I was born. (高級(jí))
(8) 使用倒裝
Though I’m sick, I’ll carry on. (一般)
Sick as I am, I’ll carry on. (高級(jí))
(9) 使用并列句
If you go through the gate, you’ll find me. (一般)
Go through the gate, and you’ll find me. (高級(jí))
(10) 使用名詞性從句
She happened to have met him. (一般)
It happened that she had met him. (高級(jí))
(11) 使用定語(yǔ)從句
The girl is spoken highly of. Her homework was well done. (一般)
The girl whose homework was well done is spoken highly of. (高級(jí))
(12) 使用狀語(yǔ)從句
I won’t believe what he says. (一般)
No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高級(jí))
【大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法精要：時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞】相關(guān)文章：
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