<tfoot id="wg9qp"></tfoot>
    <blockquote id="wg9qp"><tbody id="wg9qp"></tbody></blockquote>
    <nobr id="wg9qp"><listing id="wg9qp"><optgroup id="wg9qp"></optgroup></listing></nobr>
    <wbr id="wg9qp"></wbr>
    <button id="wg9qp"><noscript id="wg9qp"></noscript></button>

      天堂a无码a无线孕交,日本激情久久精品人妻热,日韩人妻无码精品久久久不卡 ,国产精品无码专区,影音先锋在线资源无码,蜜臀av久久国产午夜,日本一区二区三区专线,亚洲日韩性欧美中文字幕

      雅思英語寫作寫好段落的技巧

      時間:2021-03-29 19:01:14 英語寫作

      雅思英語寫作寫好段落的技巧

        首先,一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想,該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題(stickorholdtothetopic),這就是段落的統一性(unity)。其次,一個段落必須有若干推展句,使主題思想得到充分展開,從而給讀者一個完整的感覺,這就是完整性(completenessoradequateness)。再者,一個段落不是雜亂無章的,而是有機的組合,句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯,從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢(smooth),這就是連貫性(coherence)。下面我們就對這三個標準分別加以說明。

      雅思英語寫作寫好段落的技巧

        1、統一性

        一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬于一個中心,任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例:

        JoeandIdecidedtotakethelongtripwedalwayswantedacrossthecountry。Wewerelikeyoungkidsbuyingourcamperandstockingitwithallthenecessitiesoflife。Bellabakesthebestrhubarbpie。WestartedoutinearlyspringfromMinneapolisandheadedwestacrossthenorthernpartofthecountry。Webothenjoyedthosepeoplewemetatthetrailerpark。Joereceivedawatchathisretirementdinner。Tooursurprise,wefoundthatwelikedthewarmsouthernregionsverymuch,andsowedecidedtostayhereinNewMexico。

        本段的主題句是段首句,controllingidea(中心思想)是takethelongtripacrossthecountry。文中出現兩個irrelevantsentences,一個是Bellabakesthebestrhubarbpie,這一段是講的是JoeandI,中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有,Joereceivedawatchathisretirementdinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。考生在四級統考的作文卷上常常因為造出irrelevantsentences(不相關語句)而丟分,值得引起注意。再看一個例子:

        MynameisRoseanna,andIliketokeepphysicallyfit。Iusedtoweightwohundredpounds,butIjoinedtheYMCAforanexerciseclassanddietprogram。InoneyearIlosteightypounds。Ifeelmuchbetterandneverwanttohavethatmuchweightonmyfive-feetframeagain。Iboughttwonewsuitcaseslastweek。EverydayIpracticejoggingthreemiles,swimmingfifteenlaps,liftingtwenty-poundweightsandplayingtennisforonehour。Mymotherwasaprematurebaby。

        本段的controllingidea是liketodeepphysicallyfit,但段中有兩個irrelevantsentences,一個是Iboughttwonewsuitcaseslastweek,另一個是Mymotherwasaprematurebaby。

        從上面兩個例子可以看出,nativespeakers同樣會造出來irrelevantsentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了,造成偏題或離題,那問題就更嚴重了。

        2、完整性

        正象我們前面說得那樣,一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現,如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實,就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣,雖然有推展句,但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待,給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如:

        Physicalworkcanbeausefulformoftherapyforamindinturmoil。Workconcentratesyourthoughtsonaconcretetask。Besides,itismoreusefultowork----youproducesomethingratherthanmoreanxietyordepression。

        本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什么是"amindinturmoil"(心境不平靜)Physicalwork又如何能改變這種情況?為什么它能起therapy的作用?讀者得不到明確的答案。

        由于四級統考的作文部分只要求寫一篇100~120個詞的三段式短文,每一段只有大約40個詞左右,因此,要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如:

        Itisnotalwaystruethatagoodpictureisworthathousandwords。Oftenwritingismuchclearerthanapicture。Itissometimesdifficulttofigureoutwhatapicturemeans,butacarefulwritercanalmostalwaysexplainit。

        段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法,必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋,整個段落內容空洞,簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話,就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段:

        Itisnotalwaystruethatapictureisworthathousandwords。Sometimes,picturesareprettyuselessthings。Ifyoucantswimandfallintheriverandstartgulpingwater,willyoubebetteroffto

        bsp;holdupapictureofyourselfdrowning,orstartscreamingHelp?

        3、連貫性(coherence)

        連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面,前者指的是內在的邏輯性,后者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連,句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系;反之,只有意連而沒有形連,有時行文就不夠流暢。

        1)意連

        段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序,不能想到什么就寫什么。如果在下筆之前沒有構思,邊寫邊想,寫寫停停,那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。

        A。按時間先后排列(chronologicalarrangement)

        Wehadanumberofclosecallsthatday。Whenwerose,itwasobviouslylateandwehadtohurrysoasnottomissbreakfast;weknewthediningroomstaffwasstrictaboutclosingatnineoclock。Then,whenwehadbeendrivinginthedesertfornearlytwohours-----itmusthavebeenclosetonoon----theheatnearlyhidusin;theradiatorboiledoverandwehadtousemostofourdrinkingwatertocoolitdown。Bythetimewereachedthemountain,itwasfouroclockandwewereexhausted。Here,judgementranoutofusandwestartedthetoughclimbtothesummit,notrealizingthatdarknesscamesuddenlyinthedesert。Sureenough,bysixwewerestrugglingandAndrewverynearlywentdownasteepcliff,draggingMohammedandmealongwithhim。Bynine,whenthewindhowledacrosstheflatledgeofthesummit,weknewasweshiveredtogetherforwarmththatithadnotbeenourluckyday。

        本段從"rose"(起床)寫起,然后是吃早餐("nottomissbreakfast","closingatnineoclock"),然后是"closetonoon",一直寫到這一天結束("Bynine--)。

        B。按位置遠近排列(spatialarrangement)。例如:

        Fromadistance,itlookedlikeaskinnytube,butaswegotcloser,wecouldseeitfleshoutbeforeoureyes。Itwastubular,allright,butfatterthanwecouldseefromfaraway。Furthermore,wewerealsoastonishedtonoticethatthebuildingwasreallyintwoparts:apagodasittingontopofatubularone-storystructure。Standingtenfeetaway,wecouldmarvelathowmuchofthepagodawasmadeupofglasswindows。AlmosteverythingunderthewonderfulChineseroofwasmadeofglass,unlikethetubethatitwassittingon,whichonlyhadfour。Inside,thetubewasgloomy,becauseofthelackoflight。Thenasteep,narrowstaircasetookusupinsidethepagodaandthelightchangeddramatically。Allthosewindowsletinafloodofsunshineandwecouldseeoutformilesacrosstheflatland。

        本段的寫法是由遠及近,從遠處("fromadistance")寫起,然后"getcloser",再到("tenfeetaway"),最后是"insidethepagoda"當然,按位置遠近來寫不等于都是由遠及近。根據需要,也可以由近及遠,由表及里等等。

        C。按邏輯關系排列(logicalarrangement)

        a。按重要性順序排列(arrangementinsgroupsofimportance)

        Ifyouworkasasodajerker,youwill,ofcourse,notneedmuchskillinexpressingyourselftobeeffective。Ifyouworkonamachine,yourabilitytoexpressyourselfwillbeoflittleimportance。Butassoonasyoumoveonestepupfromthebottom,youreffectivenessdependsonyourabilitytoreachothersthroughthespokenorthewrittenword。Andthefu

        rtherawayyourjobisfrommanualwork,thelargertheorganizationofwhichyouareanemployee,themoreimportantitwillbethatyouknowhowtoconveyyourthoughtsinwritingorspeaking。Intheverylargebusinessorganization,whetheritisthegovernment,thelargecorporation,ortheArmy,thisabilitytoexpressoneselfisperhapsthemostimportantofalltheskillsamancanpossess。

        這一段談的是表達能力,它的重要性與職業,身份有關,從"notneedmuchskill或oflittleimportance到moreimportant,最后是mostimportant。

        b。由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specificarrangement)

        Ifareaderislost,itisgenerallybecausethewriterhasnotbeencarefulenoughtokeephimonthepath。Thiscarelessnesscantakeanynumberofforms。Perhapsasentenceissoexcessivelyclutteredthatthereader,hackinghiswaythroughtheverbiage,simplydoesntknowwhatitmeans。Perhapsasentencehasbeensoshoddilyconstructedthatthereadercouldreaditinanyofseveralways。Perhapsthewriterhasswitchedtenses,orhasswitchedpronounsinmid-sentence,sothereaderlosestrackofwhentheactiontookplaceorwhoistalking。PerhapssentenceBisnotlogicalsequeltosentenceA----thewriter,inwhoseheadtheconnectionisclear,hasnotbotheredtoprovidethemissinglink。Perhapsthewriterhasusedanimportantwordincorrectlybynottakingthetroubletolookitup。Hemaythinkthatsanguineandsanguinarymeanthesamething,butthedifferenceisabloodybigone。Thereadercanonlyinferwhatthewriteristryingtoimply。

        這一段談的是awriterscarelessness,先給出一個generalstatement作為主題句,然后通過5個"perhaps"加以例證。

        c。由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-generalarrangement)

        IdonotunderstandwhypeopleconfusemySiamesecat,Prissy,withtheoneIhadseveralyearsago,Henry。Thetwocatsareonlyalikeinbreed。Prissy,aquiet,femininefeline,lovesmedearlybutnotpossessively。Shelikestokeepherdistancefrompeople,exertherindependenceandisneversorudeastobeg,lick,orsniffunceremoniously。Herusualpostureissittingupright,eyesclosed,perfectlystill。Prissyisaverypropercat。Henry,ontheotherhand,lovedmedearlybutpossessively。Hewasmyshadowfrommorningtillnight。Heexpectedmetoconstantlyentertainhim。Henrynevercaredwhosawhimdoanything,whetheritwasdecorousornot,andheusuallyoffendedmyfriendsinsomeway。Thecatmadehimselfquitecomfortable,onthetopofthetelevision,acrossstrangersfeetorlaps,inbeds,drawers,sacks,closets,ornooks。Thedifferencebetweenthemisimperceptibletostrangers。

        本段的主題句是段首句,它僅提出一個問題:為什么兩只貓會被搞混。然后對兩者進行比較,末句才下結論。

        2)形連

        行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字并找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語:

        Waltersgoalinlifewastobecomeasuccessfulsurgeon。First,though,hehadto

        nbsp;getthroughhighschool,soheconcentratedallhiseffortsonhisstudies---inparticular,biology,chemistry,andmath。Becauseheworkedconstantlyonthesesubjects,Walterbecameproficientinthem;however,Walterforgotthatheneededtomasterothersubjectsbesidesthosehehadchosen。Asaresult,duringhisjunioryearofhighschool,WalterfailedbothEnglishandLatin。Consequently,hehadtorepeatthesesubjectsandhewasalmostunabletograduateonschedule。Finally,onJune6,Walterachievedthefirststeptowardrealizinghisgoal。

        本文中起承上啟下的`詞語有兩種,一種是轉換詞語(transitionalwordsorphrases),另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段(linkingdevices)。前者依次有:first,though,so,inparticular,and,because,however,besides,asaresult,bothand,consequently,and,finally。后者依次是:he,he,his,his,he,these,them,he,those,his,he,these,his。本段有詞匯105個,所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞,約占該段總詞匯量的四分之一。由此可見,掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流暢(smoothness)有益,而且對于學生在半個小時內寫足四級短文所要求的120個詞也是不無好處的。

        一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了。我們看下面一個例子:Speakingandwritingaredifferentinmanyways。Speechdependsonsounds。Writinguseswrittensymbols。Speechdevelopedabout500000yearsago。Writtenlanguageisarecentdevelopment。Itwasinventedonlyaboutsixthousandyearsago。Speechisusuallyinformal。Thewordchoiceofwritingisoftenrelativelyformal。Pronunciationandaccentoftentellwherethespeakerisfrom。Pronunciationandaccentareignoredinwriting。Astandarddictionandspellingsystemprevailsinthewrittenlanguageofmostcountries。Speechreliesongesture,loudness,andriseandfallofthevoice。Writinglacksgesture,loudnessandtheriseandfallofthevoice。Carefulspeakersandwritersareawareofthedifferences。

        本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的"it"之外,沒有使用其他的過渡詞語。這樣,文中出現許多重復的詞語,全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話,這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落:

        Speakingandwritingaredifferentinmanyways。Speechdependsonsounds;writing,ontheotherhand,useswrittensymbols。Speechwasdevelopedabout500000yearsago,butwrittenlanguageisarecentdevelopment,inventedonlyaboutsixthousandyearsago。Speechisusuallyinformal,whilethewordchoiceofwriting,bycontrast,isoftenrelativelyformal。Althoughpronunciationandaccentoftentellwherethespeakerisfrom,theyareignoredinwiringbecauseastandarddictionandspellingsystemprevailsinmostcountries。Speechreliesongesture,loudness,andtheriseandfallofthevoice,butwritinglacksthesefeatures。Carefulspeakersandwritersareawareofthedifferences。

        4、有損連貫性的幾種情況:

        考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤:

        1)不必要的改變時態,比如:

        Inthemovie,RobertRedfordwasaspy。Hegoestohisofficewherehefoundeverybodydead。Otherspieswantedtokillhim,sohetakesrefugewithJulieChristie。Atherhouse,hehadwaitedfortheheattodiedown,buttheycomeafterhimanyway。

        2)不必要的改變單復數,比如:

        Ever

        ybodylooksforsatisfactioninhislife。Theywanttobehappy。Butifheseeksonlypleasureintheshortrun,thepersonwillsoonrunoutofpleasureandlifewillcatchuptohim。Theyneedtopursuethedeeperpleasureofsatisfactioninworkandinrelationships。

        3)不必要的改變人稱,比如:

        Nowmorethanever,parentsneedtobeintouchwiththeirchildrensactivitiesbecausemodernlifehasthetendencytocausecleavagesinthefamily。Youneedtoarrangefamilylikeitsothatfamilymemberswilldothingstogetherandknowoneanother。Youneedtogiveupisolatedpleasuresofyourownandrealizethatparentshaveasetofobligationstosponsortogethernessandthereforesponsorknowledge。

        因此寫作中,一定要注意時態,人稱以及數的變化是否正確,要注意保持一致

      【雅思英語寫作寫好段落的技巧】相關文章:

      雅思常用的英語寫作技巧201701-25

      英語寫作技巧之段落銜接03-23

      雅思寫作小技巧11-10

      深度解構地道雅思英語寫作技巧08-10

      雅思寫作考試的高分技巧05-23

      雅思寫作的詞匯運用技巧11-27

      雅思寫作的高分技巧匯總07-04

      怎樣寫好英語寫作05-20

      雅思寫作高分技巧-必備05-05

      主站蜘蛛池模板: 午夜福利92国语| 99在线国内在线视频22| 亚洲播播| 欧美色香婷婷影视| 国产精品一级二区三级| 亚洲一久久久久久久久| 免费视频爱爱太爽了| 97r久久精品国产99国产精| 亚洲精品国产第一页第二页_久久精品国产亚洲a片无码_国产精品乱码一区二区三 | 国产AⅤ天堂亚洲国产AV| 亚洲AV永久综合在线观看红杏| 18禁免费无码无遮挡网站| 精品偷拍| 久久99国产亚洲高清观看首页| 久青草青综合在线视频| 国内精品自产拍在线播放| 成人无码AV片| 黑人精品一区二区无码| 国产亚洲欧美日本一二三本道| 亚洲av中文乱码一区二| 中亚成人综合在线| 狠狠人妻久久久久久| 无码人妻精品一区二区| 广东少妇大战黑人34厘米视频| 色爱综合激情五月激情| 人妻av一区二区三区精品| 视频一区视频二区日韩专区| 青青草av| 久久99精品久久久大学生| 成人精品一区二区三区九色| 精品无码黑人又粗又大又长| 亚洲午夜精品一级在线| 国产高清国产精品国产专区| 久久999| 国产高清在线精品一区二区三区 | 欧美性猛交xxxx乱大交极品| 女人被狂躁到高潮视频免费动态图 | 亚洲无码网站| 久久青青草原精品国产app| 四虎国产精品永久地址99新强| 国产成人无码AV片在线观看不卡|