英語四級記敘文作文的寫作思路及練習
記敘文是以敘述人物的經歷和事物的發展變化過程為主要表現形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：
時間(When)—— 何時發生，有沒有具體時間?
地點(Where)—— 何地發生，有沒有地點變化?
人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰是主角?
事件(What)—— 發生了什么，有何特點?
原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?
結果(How)—— 事件的經過及結局?
一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。
記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開。
【例】英語四級考試中，只出現過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現過包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。
對于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構思了。
When：題目已規定了是“清晨”，在這個時候，“我”去散步。
Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。
Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學生。
What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。
當然，由這個題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。
參考范文
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early, and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen, shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park, breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.
When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were so many people there. Men and women, boys and girls, all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises, some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.
I wandered around the park. To my delight, I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home, I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.
【點評】文章按照時間順序(in chronological order)，第一句話點明時間(One morning)、人物(第一人稱“I”)，并簡要描述了早晨的特點(What was the setting)，接著第二段第一句話交代地點(in the park)，然后介紹公園里人們及作者的`活動(What was happening)，最后在文章結尾點題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 僅僅189個單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動的細節，行文方式符合要求。
例二：
A Most Unlucky Day
1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”為題，想想該怎么寫。注意：題目的中心詞是“unlucky”。
When:
Where:
Who:
What:
Why:
How:
參考思路
When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子?考前的晚上?公布成績的日子?周末?
Where：在大街上違章停車?在學校?在商場?在經常光顧的地方——食堂、餐廳、麥當勞、圖書館、溜冰場、投影廳?
Who：是我倒霉?是好友?你?那個蛋白質室友?
What：拿到罰單?上課上班遲到?失戀?被竊?四級沒過?
Why：倒霉嘛，無非是運氣不好，睡過頭了、態度惡劣、偷懶、不刻苦…
How：一團糟，挨批，心情極度沮喪，不過也無所謂嘛…
想完之后，我們再花點兒功夫將關聯的東東挑出來，別忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。
根據自己的思路，寫一篇文章：
參考范文
A Most Unlucky Day
I had a streak of tough luck yesterday. Everything, it seemed to me, went wrong. And I simply couldn’t understand why all the bad things happened to me in one single day.
In the morning, as luck would have it, my alarm clock didn’t ring, and with an aching head I woke up half an hour later than usual. I was in such a hurry that, when making an omelet, I got my fingers burnt and splashed the omelet all over the floor of the kitchen.
Having no time for my breakfast at that point, I rushed out of my house with an empty stomach and hurting fingers. I had intended to catch the 7:30 subway, but somehow I couldn’t make it. I became very nervous at the mere thought of being late for my English class, because my English teacher is very strict and demanding, and he gets angry whenever any student is late for his class.
After getting off the 7:40 subway, I raced all the way from the station to my school, thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at this hour of the day. At the corner of the street near my school, I abruptly bumped into a man and, worse luck, broke the glasses I had bought for 500 yuan just last week. With scarcely any time to receive or offer an apology, I just kept on running and running. At long last, I arrived at the school only to find, with great sadness mixed with some relief, that the school was empty and the classrooms were all locked. It was Saturday.
My ill luck showed no sign of coming to an end. When I returned home greatly frustrated, I found myself locked out. In my hurry I had forgotten to bring the key with me. Just my luck!
【點評】這篇文章按照時間順序一氣呵成。文章的標題、第一句和最后一句都點出了中心思想：“I had a most unlucky day”。故事從作者醒來開始，在慌慌張張中煎蛋卷、趕地鐵、急奔學校、撞破眼鏡、發現白忙乎了一場，最后猛然清醒——匆忙之中忘了鑰匙!整個故事描述得精彩生動，既有動作的細節又有作者內心的感受，讓讀者也身臨其境地體會了倒霉的一天。
例三：
敘述一場交通事故
A: 根據以下提示敘述一場交通事故：1)用第一人稱;2)短語提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3)寫出作者對此交通意外的感想。
參考范文
Last night I was driving home from work. I had an accident. I was following behind a truck, driving at about 30 kilometers an hour. I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.
Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left. She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic. I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.
The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car. Fortunately I did not hit her, but I hit a car coming in the other direction. Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious. It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child, I thought to myself.
B: 以第一人稱寫一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經歷的一件小事。
參考范文
Go on a Mediterranean Journey
My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea，and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey. Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accommodation, the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid.
We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting, but there was one man, a Mr. James, who irritated and annoyed us. Whatever subject we talked about, it seemed that he was an expert at it. He had, apparently, read more books, visited more countries and studied more languages, than anyone else had. After a few days, we ate our meals in silence, because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man.
Then my wife had an idea. She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject, look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner. If it were an unusual subject, Mr. James could not possibly know anything about it. The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we discussed this subject with great enthusiasm. Mr. James was silent. We realized we had at last come to find something he knew nothing about.
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